Abstraction |
A simplified representation of something more complex |
ASCII |
American Standard Code for Information Interchange; the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand |
Bandwidth |
Transmission capacity (measured by bit rate - See Below) |
Binary |
A way of representing information using only two options. |
Bit |
A contraction of "Binary Digit"; the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1 |
Bit rate |
(sometimes written bitrate) the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. e.g. 8 bits/sec. |
DNS |
Domain Name System: The service that translates URLs to IP addresses. Sort of like how a phonebook let's you translate a person's name into their phone number |
Encapsulation |
"Hiding a packet inside another packet" |
HTTP |
HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet |
ICANN |
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names & Numbers formerly a US Government organization, now an independent corporation. ICANN manages the infrastructure of the internet including DNS servers and related activity |
IETF |
Internet Engineering Task Force - develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards and protocols, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) |
Innovation |
A new or improved idea, device, product, etc, or the development thereof |
Internet |
A group of computers and servers that are connected to each other |
Internet Service Providers |
Companies that provide access to the internet for their customers |
IPV4 |
IPV4 (Internet Protocol Version 4 allowed for 32-bit IP Addresses) Only room for just over 4 billion IP Addresses |
IPV6 |
IPV4 (Internet Protocol Version 4 allowed for 32-bit IP Addresses) Now has room for 340,282,366,920,938,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 IP Addresses |
IP Address |
A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet - Similar to a phone number |
Latency |
Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver |
Net Neutrality |
the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers. |
Network Redundancy |
having multiple backups to ensure reliability during cases of high usage or failure |
Packets |
Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information. The four layers we are concerned with are:
1) Application Layer (Where data for the current program live)
2) The TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Layer Information about which server on the web to connect to and the port on that machine to connect to (amongst other things).
3) The IP (Internet Protocol) Layer. Internet address information lives here.
4) Hardware/Data Layer contains information about the physical packet such as size. |
Protocol |
A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices. |
Router |
A type of computer that forwards data across a network |
TCP |
Transmission Control Protocol - provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with Internet Protocol and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing. |
URL |
An easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (like www.code.org). |
VPN |
Virtual Private Network |